Bluetooth

  Introduction:

                   Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications system intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices. Bluetooth devices operate in a globally available unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz, making Bluetooth usable worldwide

                     Bluetooth connections allow data and audio communication between devices within a range of about 30 feet (10 meters) because of Bluetooth utilizes radio based links
The Bluetooth core system consists of an RF transceiver, base band, and protocol stack. The operating range depends on the device class such as class3, class 2 & class 1 radios

                      Blue tooth can be used in Near Field Communications (NFC) we can transfer the data between electronic devices. The NFC has some features such as RF technology, data exchange rate up to ~1 Mbit & operating distance up to 20 cm & even less

                       NFC has two types of modes active and passive mode. In active NFC mode, both the initiator and the target are using their own generated RF field to enable the communication whereas in passive NFC mode load nodulation scheme is used.

Compare to existing communication technologies:

• NFC is a designed for short distance wireless communication
• Complementary to Bluetooth
• Long distance capability
• Easy and simple connection method
• Provides communication methods to non-self power devices.

                        Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication between devices. It is based on a low-cost, short-range radio link. Bluetooth devices operate in a globally available unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz, making Bluetooth usable worldwide.
                        Bluetooth connections allow data and audio communication between devices within a range of about 30 feet (10 meters). Because Bluetooth utilizes a radio-based link, it doesn't require a line-of-sight connection in order to communicate. Unique security keys and robust encryption assure reliability and confidentiality.
                         Bluetooth is one of the fastest-adopted technologies in history. It is used in hundreds of millions of mobile phones, PCs, laptops, digital cameras, headsets, and many other electronic devices.
                         Bluetooth wireless technology is a joint achievement by leading companies within the telecommunications and computer industries. Nokia is a founding member of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) that has a large number of adopters worldwide.

How Bluetooth Technology Works?

Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications system intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices. The key features of Bluetooth wireless technology are robustness, low power, and low cost. Many features of the core specification are optional, allowing product differentiation.
The Bluetooth core system consists of an RF transceiver, baseband, and protocol stack. The system offers services that enable the connection of devices and the exchange of a variety of data classes between these devices


Bluetooth Wireless Technology Profiles:

In order to use Bluetooth wireless technology, a device must be able to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. The profiles define the possible applications. Bluetooth profiles are general behaviors through which Bluetooth enabled devices communicate with other devices. Bluetooth technology defines a wide range of profiles that describe many different types of use cases. By following a guidance provided in Bluetooth specifications, developers can create applications to work with other devices also conforming to the Bluetooth specification.
At a minimum, each profile specification contains information on the following topics:
Dependencies on other profiles
Suggested user interface formats
Specific parts of the Bluetooth protocol stack used by the profile. To perform its task, each profile uses particular options and parameters at each layer of the stack. This may include an outline of the required service record, if appropriate.

Range :

The operating range depends on the device class:
Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet


The main applications of BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY:

• Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)
• Audio / Video Control Transport Protocol (AVCTP)
• Audio / Video Distribution Transport Protocol (AVDTP)
• Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)
• Basic Imaging Profile (BIP)
• Basic Printing Profile (BPP)
• Common ISDN Access Profile (CIP)
• Cordless Telephony Profile (CTP)
• Dial-up Networking Profile (DUN)
• Extended Service Discovery Profile (ESDP)
• Fax Profile (FAX)
• File Transfer Profile (FTP)
• Generic Access Profile (GAP)
• General Audio/Video Distribution Profile (GAVDP)
• Hands-Free Profile (HFP)
• Hard Copy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP)
• Headset Profile (HSP)
• Human Interface Device Profile (HID)
• Intercom Profile (ICP)
• NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATIONS(NFC)
• Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN)
• Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP)
• SIM Access Profile (SAP)
• Telephony Control Specification (TCS-Binary or TCP)
• Video Distribution Profile (VDP)
• WAP Over Bluetooth Profile (WAP)

Wireless Short Distance Communication technology:

• Easy to use communication interface for the last few centimeters
• Easy to use target selection, by simply holding two devices close to each other
• Internet savvy protocol

NFC – NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

It is the one which can be achieved with help of BLUETOOTH
TECHNOLOGY
Features of NFC

Wireless communication for consumer devices

• Based on RF Technology at 13.56 Mhz
• Operating distance of upto 20 cm, typically even less
• Data exchange rate up to ~1 Mbit planned
• Compatible with today’s field proven RFID technology
• First products planned 2004


Applications of NFC


NFC-enhanced consumer devices
e.g. Mobile Phones, PDAs, Laptops PC, STB/TV, Game consoles,……….

Can exchange data securely e.g.
Messages, pictures, MP3 files, identification or initialization data

By simply holding them close to each other

NFC compared to existing communication technologies:

• NFC is designed for shorter distance wireless communication
• NFC is complementry to blue-tooth and 802.11 with their long distance capabilities
• NFC works in dirty environments and does not require line of sight
• Easy and simple connection method
• Allows intuitive initialization of wireless networks
• Provides communication method to non-self powered device

Example: NFC an Bluetooth:

NFC = “Virtual connector” of
Bluetooth = “Virtual cable”

NFC provides a simple intuitive method to establish secure
Communication link between dedicated devices which may
Then switch to bluetooth for longer distance
Communication


Benefits of NFC:

Highest convenience for the user, due to intuitive usage by simply holding two
devices close to each other
Complementry to existing wireless technologies
Interoperable with compatible RFID systems at 13,56 MHz
Allows communication, both between two powered devices and between powered
and passive devices